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A Beginner’s Guide to Vertical Farming

Also known as indoor farming, vertical farming has in recent years gained recognition as a solid method of sustainability. The system was born out of the challenges affecting the 21st century, specifically issues like food shortage, resource depletion, and  overpopulation . Feeding the future: vertical farming Vertical farming is the practice of food production that takes the form of vertically stacked layers and vertically inclined surfaces. The method is executed inside a controlled environment building, usually without soil or natural light. The method of growing the crops in a vertical farm involves the following elements. • Temperature control • Humidity control • Artificial lighting • Control and monitoring of nutrients and fertilizer When undertaking vertical agriculture as a small to medium business, planning is essential. You need to ensure that you can sell what you grow and that your production costs are not too high. The first step to ensuring this, there
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TEN POINTS ABOUT SOYBEANS AND FROST

TEN POINTS ABOUT SOYBEANS AND FROST FROST ISN’T NECESSARILY A DEATH KNELL FOR SOYBEANS By   University of Minnesota 5/7/2020 Gil Gullickson Worried about a forecast frost for later this week?  It’s worrisome, but it doesn’t mean an absolute disaster for soybeans.   It depends on what growth stage they are in and conditions like soil moisture, soil type, and previous crop residue. Here are 10 things to consider from Bruce Potter, a University of Minnesota integrated pest management specialist.  Unlike soybeans, the growing point of emerged corn is still below the soil surface and protected from frost. Soybeans that have not emerged (including hypocotyl crook) will be OK.  In a North Dakota State University study, 50% of seedlings were able to tolerate temperatures as low as 24°F. for a short time. In this same study, peas were similar to soybeans, edible beans were less tolerant, and alfalfa was more tolerant to frost.  Soil moisture, soil type

Sustainability in Africa's maritime industry

Some of the most important global sea lanes pass the continent of Africa. Major routes navigate the Cape of Good Hope between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, through the Red Sea and east-west through the Mediterranean Sea. Although Africa's own maritime transport sector remains relatively undeveloped, more than 90 percent of all imports and exports in Africa are facilitated by sea through ports along the coast. 1  Africa is also home to one of the world's largest shipping registries. The Liberian Registry covers 11 percent of the world's oceangoing fleet. 2 Issues concerning marine management in Africa are being tackled head-on by a range of international agreements. There are already four regional agreements across Africa that collectively seek to protect, manage and develop the marine and coastal environments of Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. These agreements have been widely endorsed. Almost all African costal states have signed at least one